Weaving Data Into Texts The Value of Semantic Annotation

Weaving Data Into Texts: The Value of Semantic Annotation Semantic Annotation is about weaving data into textual sources. In semantically annotated texts, certain words (denoting things, people, locations, organizations, etc.) are linked to data that is, to context and references that can be processed by an algorithm.The Major Why of Semantic AnnotationThe goal of semantic annotation is better information retrieval and smarter knowledge management. Click To TweetIn particular, this translates into technologies that help content creators and consumers to retrieve information faster and manage knowledge easier. Semantic search, content aggregation, and automated relationships discovery are among the most common applications, enabled by Semantic Annotation.With data woven into texts, the â€Å"new readers† (meet them in the next paragraph) are able to interpret, combine, and use content in an automated way thus facilitating the way we navigate, find, collect and analyze information. Meet the New ReadersInitially it [reading] was the simple faculty of extracting visual information from any encoded system and comprehending the respective meaning. Later it came to signify almost exclusively the comprehending of a continuous text of written signs on an inscribed surface. More recently it has included the extracting of encoded information from an electronic screen. And reading’s definition will doubtless continue to expand in future for, as with any faculty, it is also a measure of humanity’s own advancement.Steven R. Fischer, A History of ReadingThe definition of reading does expand every single day, following our growing need to manage more and more textual sources. So does the profile of the reader. Reading, in its very basic form (extracting information from any encoded system and comprehending meaning), is not a human-only territory anymore.Take the reading on the Web, for example. According to a recent report, although humans are the ones responsi ble for 51.5% of the traffic on the web, a significant 48.5% of all online traffic is attributed to bots. Assisting with automated tasks, machines are everywhere, not only on the web, collecting data but also across corporate intranets.Come to think of it, in an ocean of digital content, reading and understanding heavily depend on using the right tools for handling texts. Tools that allow efficient research, quick information retrieval and facts discovery, gathering and managing information.Activities are unthinkable without the help of software agents. These agents have huge processing powers to navigate, process and manage huge volumes of content on our behalf, provided we show them around our content and help them make sense of it. For that to happen, we need to enrich texts with information presented in the formal language the new readers understand that is, in the language of data. Digital Marginalia: Showing the New Readers Around Our Textual SourcesA gloss (from Latin: glossa, from Greek: ÃŽ ³ÃŽ »Ã¡ ¿ ¶ÃÆ'ÏÆ'ÃŽ ± glà ³ssa language) is a brief notation, especially a marginal one or an interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text, or in the readers language if that is different.To get the benefit of understanding Semantic Annotation without the burden of the complexity it involves, it will help to view it as digital marginalia.Marginalia, the medieval side notes, have served understanding for ages and have been an invaluable source of additional information to the reader. Just like Semantic Annotations are today, in our digital-everything age.   Only that todays readers are not only human.It is through Semantic Annotations that we can leave notes for smart agents to process and further assist us in managing our digital content. Written in the machine-interpretable formal language of data, these notes will serve computers to classify, link, search through and filter texts and data, associated with them. Meaning is in the Algorithms of the Reader (A Side Note for Human Readers)When it comes to machine-readable texts, it is important to bear in mind that â€Å"understanding†, as of today, is still confined to and only possible within a limited, pre-defined context. Semantic Annotations help machines â€Å"to read† in the very basic sense of the word that is, in the sense of deciphering strings of symbols. Nothing more, nothing less a computer’s understanding is inseparable from the information and the formal knowledge they were fed with.Much to learn you still have.From Quotes of Yoda, Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Algorithms do have a hard time understanding (encompassing and decoding) the richness and granular expressivity with which we describe the world.   And while the expressiveness of the language of data (that is the depths of the concepts and ideas represented and communicated with it) is growing bigger, we still have a long way to go till we stop sounding to our machines like Yoda does.The good news is that in certain areas, Semantic Annotations do help machine-understanding. They are invaluable when it comes to bringing the significant automated analytical power of machines to help us navigate the ocean of digital content.Why Would an Enterprise Care About The New Readers and Semantic Annotations?Interlinking texts with data is already widely used in fields where knowledge is formally described and explicitly recorded. Semantic Annotations support scientists, researchers, insurers, doctors and lawyers in facing the challenges of accurate research and unearthing precise information. Enabling various applications such as automatic relationship discovery, content aggregation and recommendation, and regulatory compliance detection, Semantic Annotation comes handy when sifting through huge amounts of textual sources like scientific research, medical documents and health insurance claims.Any domain of knowledge can benefit from creating digital marginalia, provided they are well described (in a standard data language) and properly linked (semantically indexed and connected to highly-structured and machine-readable datasets). Currently, among the successful users of semantically annotated content are publishers, pharmaceutical companies, financial institutions and health-care organizations.Swamped in digital resources of all kinds, readers (new and traditional alike) crave relevancy. Semantic annotation provides a much-needed way for efficient document management. Weaving data into textual sources is what sets digital content apart from the restrictive organization i nto files and folders a technological relic from an â€Å"archaic analogue age†, as Jarred McGuiniss calls the era of gray filing cabinets, ring binders, and paper labels.With Semantic Annotation, textual sources are given the notes machines need in order to organize and serve content in an accurate and efficient way. It is yet another step towards to revolutionizing the way we approach information management and knowledge discovery.Or better, it is yet another note in the margin for future generations of all kinds of readers.Want to learn more about the value of Semantic Annotation?

Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis

Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis By Mark Nichol When a sentence includes a form of parenthesis- a word, phrase, or clause framed by a pair of commas, dashes, or parentheses- writers must take care that the statement surrounding the interjection is structurally valid so that if the optional parenthesis is omitted, the remaining wording is still coherent. To test whether the sentence’s composition is complete, temporarily omit the interjection, then repair any syntactical and grammatical issues that manifest themselves before reinstating (or restating) the parenthesis. 1. He is considered to be one of, if not the, deadliest assassin in the empire. This sentence, without the parenthesis, is â€Å"He is considered to be one of deadliest assassin in the empire.† This faulty construction demonstrates that the article the must appear in the main clause before the interjection to form a complete sentence, and assassin must be in plural form to correspond with the modifying phrase â€Å"one of the† (â€Å"He is considered to be one of the deadliest assassins in the empire†); in addition, a repetition of deadliest must be inserted into the parenthesis to form a complete thought: â€Å"He is considered one of the deadliest assassins, if not the deadliest, in the empire.† (The extraneous â€Å"to be† has been deleted as well.) 2. Effective risk management can help predict- and prevent- major implementation problems from occurring. In this case, the wording that remains after the parenthesis is excised- â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict major implementation problems from occurring†- is syntactically flawed, because â€Å"from occurring† modifies prevent but not predict. For the sentence to make sense, that phrase should be inserted into the interjection: â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict- and prevent from occurring- major implementation problems.† Better yet, integrate the interjection (with a pronoun standing in for a repeat of â€Å"major implementation problems†) into the main clause: â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict major implementation problems and prevent them from occurring.† 3. This has not (and should not) prevent smart companies from taking advantage of innovation. With the parenthesis in this sentence removed, the remaining statement is â€Å"This has not prevent smart companies from taking advantage of innovation.† Because â€Å"has not† and â€Å"should not† must be accompanied by differing forms of prevent, both forms of the verb, one in the main clause and one in the parenthesis, should be employed: â€Å"This has not prevented (and should not prevent) smart companies from taking advantage of innovation.† Note that the three forms of punctuation are interchangeable, although their functions vary slightly: Commas are neutral, parentheses suggest that the information is incidental, and dashes signal information that is divergent or unexpected. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With26 Feel-Good WordsSit vs. Set

St. Valentines Day Massacre

St. Valentines Day Massacre Around 10:30 a.m. on St. Valentines Day, February 14, 1929, seven members of Bugs Morans gang were gunned down in cold blood in a garage in Chicago. The massacre, orchestrated by Al Capone, shocked the nation by its brutality. The St. Valentines Day Massacre remains the most notorious gangster killing of the Prohibition era. The massacre not only made Al Capone a national celebrity, but it also brought Capone, the unwanted attention of the federal government. The Dead Frank Gusenberg, Pete Gusenberg, John May, Albert Weinshank, James Clark, Adam Heyer, and Dr. Reinhart Schwimmer Rival Gangs: Capone vs. Moran During the Prohibition era, gangsters ruled many of the large cities, becoming rich from owning speakeasies, breweries, brothels, and gambling joints. These gangsters would carve up a city between rival gangs, bribe local officials, and become local celebrities. By the late 1920s, Chicago was split between two rival gangs: one led by Al Capone and the other by George Bugs Moran. Capone and Moran vied for power, prestige, and money; plus, both tried for years to kill each other. In early 1929, Al Capone was living in Miami with his family (to escape Chicagos brutal winter) when his associate Jack Machine Gun McGurn visited him. McGurn, who had recently survived an assassination attempt ordered by Moran, wanted to discuss the ongoing problem of Morans gang. In an attempt to eliminate the Moran gang entirely, Capone agreed to fund an assassination attempt, and McGurn was placed in charge of organizing it. The Plan McGurn planned carefully. He located the Moran gangs headquarters, which was in a large garage behind the offices of S.M.C. Cartage Company at 2122 North Clark Street. He selected gunmen from outside the Chicago area, to ensure that if there were any survivors, they would not be able to recognize the killers as part of Capones gang. McGurn hired lookouts and set them up in an apartment near the garage. Also essential to the plan, McGurn acquired a stolen police car and two police uniforms. Setting Up Moran With the plan organized and the killers hired, it was time to set the trap. McGurn instructed a local booze hijacker to contact Moran on February 13. The hijacker was to tell Moran that he had obtained a shipment of Old Log Cabin whiskey (i.e. very good liquor) that he was willing to sell at the very reasonable price of $57 per case. Moran quickly agreed and told the hijacker to meet him at the garage at 10:30 the following morning. The Ruse Worked On the morning of February 14, 1929, the lookouts (Harry and Phil Keywell) were watching carefully as the Moran gang assembled at the garage. Around 10:30 a.m., the lookouts recognized a man heading to the garage as Bugs Moran. The lookouts told the gunmen, who then climbed into the stolen police car. When the stolen police car reached the garage, the four gunmen (Fred Killer Burke, John Scalise, Albert Anselmi, and Joseph Lolordo) jumped out. (Some reports say there were five gunmen.) Two of the gunmen were dressed in police uniforms. When the gunmen rushed into the garage, the seven men inside saw the uniforms and thought it was a routine police raid. Continuing to believe the gunmen to be police officers, all seven men peacefully did as they were told. They lined up, faced the wall, and allowed the gunmen to remove their weapons. Opened Fire With Machine Guns The gunmen then opened fire, using two Tommy guns, a sawed-off shotgun, and a .45. The killing was fast and bloody. Each of the seven victims received at least 15 bullets, mostly in the head and torso. The gunmen then left the garage. As they exited, neighbors who had heard the rat-tat-tat of the submachine gun, looked out their windows and saw two (or three, depending on reports) policemen walking behind two men dressed in civilian clothes with their hands up. The neighbors assumed that the police had staged a raid and were arresting two men. After the massacre had been discovered, many continued to believe for several weeks that the police were responsible. Moran Escaped Harm Six of the victims died in the garage; Frank Gusenberg was taken to a hospital but died three hours later, refusing to name who was responsible. Though the plan had been carefully crafted, one major problem occurred. The man that the lookouts had identified as Moran was Albert Weinshank.   Bugs Moran, the main target for the assassination, was arriving a couple of minutes late to the 10:30 a.m. meeting when he noticed a police car outside the garage. Thinking it was a police raid, Moran stayed away from the building, unknowingly saving his life. The Blonde Alibi The massacre that took seven lives that St. Valentines Day in 1929 made newspaper headlines across the country. The country was shocked at the brutality of the killings. Police tried desperately to determine who was responsible. Al Capone had an air-tight alibi because he had been called in for questioning by the Dade County solicitor in Miami during the time of the massacre. Machine Gun McGurn had what became called a blonde alibi he had been at a hotel with his blonde girlfriend from 9 p.m. on February 13 through 3 p.m. on February 14.   Fred Burke (one of the gunmen) was arrested by police in March 1931 but was charged with the December 1929 murder of a police officer and sentenced to life in prison for that crime. The Aftermath of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre This was one of the first major crimes that the science of ballistics was used; however, no one was ever tried or convicted for the murders of the St. Valentines Day Massacre. Though the police never had enough evidence to convict Al Capone, the public knew he was responsible. In addition to making Capone a national celebrity, the St. Valentines Day Massacre brought Capone to the attention of the federal government. Ultimately, Capone was arrested for tax evasion in 1931 and sent to Alcatraz. With Capone in jail, Machine Gun McGurn was left exposed. On February 15, 1936, nearly seven years to the day of the St. Valentines Day Massacre, McGurn was gunned down at a bowling alley. Bugs Moran was quite shaken from the entire incident. He stayed in Chicago until the end of Prohibition and then was arrested in 1946 for some small-time bank robberies. He died in prison from lung cancer.

Society 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Society 2 - Assignment Example It has made some unexpected communication processes possible and quicker at the same time. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and analyze NFC and mobile payment technology. Moreover, this paper will also discuss the societal and cultural impacts of NFC and Mobile payment technology. Figure 1: Life with NFC technology (Rackley, 2011) Understanding the New Trends; NFC and Mobile Payments: Saving time and labor, these new shifts in communication technology have helped the mankind in every possible way. However, it has set new trends in this world as well. Processes, which used to take weeks and months, are now just a click and touch away. Near Field Communication generally known as NFC is a kind of application or a standardized setting in the smart phones and all other similar devices such as tablets, iPads etc. The basic purpose of NFC is to set up a radio communication between smart phones or others devices by bringing them in touch with each other or at least in close immediacy depending on the requirements of the device. Once the connection has been established, a lot of tasks can be performed through it, such as contactless transactions, exchange of data / information, or a set up of multifaceted communications e.g. Wi-Fi. The communication can also be established between a NFC device and a powered off NFC chip (tag) (Coskun, Ok, & Ozdenizci, 2011). Figure 2: Image showing the working of NFC (Coskun, Ok, & Ozdenizci, 2011). With the growing technology, the payment methods are also made easy and simplified. All kinds of payments from utility to the bank and other financial payments are now on your fingertips. Mobile payment is a term which is used for the payments of different things through the smart phones. It is also known as mobile money, mobile money transfer or mobile wallet. It was a long time back when people used to carry bundles of cash and brief cases with them in order to make payments. With this technology this technique has almost diminished . At present a majority of people prefer paying through their mobiles for a variety of services. Instead of paying cash or cheque, they use their phones (Saylor, 2013). Trends: These new technologies have captured almost every country and have set new trends for the payments and transfer methods. According to the financial survey, the combined amount of mobile payments which were made by 2013 has reached $600 Billion globally. This amount is almost the double of what it was in the February of 2011 stating that the adoption toward the technology is increasing enormously. With the rise in smart electronic devices and the smart and catchy internet deals and the revival of Internet IPO it is believed that 2011 was the most transformative year in terms of technology (Schwartz, 2011). Impacts on Society and Culture: Talking about the societal trends regarding NFC and mobile marketing then according to an article published by CNN 2012 has been claimed as the year of NFC and mobile marketin g (Cashmore, 2011). It was also claimed that the mobile payments and NFC will expand and blossom more in 2013. This defines that the adoption of the trend is growing largely in the world and people are becoming more inclined towards the technology. New methods and techniques are continuously evolving by the technology makers this year following the boom and success of NFC and mobile payments. People in developed countries are more likely to be influenced of the technology while it is

Fanning the Flame at Tiblana Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fanning the Flame at Tiblana - Case Study Example As a result, there is a looming threat of current or potential customers perceiving the company as insensitive to clients’ complaints, if it ignores the customer’s online complaints. I should immediately begin monitoring and be responding to the customer’s criticism appropriately. I must rush to my organization’s online sites and social media platforms to convince followers and clients that Tiblana will always remain a thought leader among its customers when it comes to quality candles. I will not forget embracing business and professional review websites like Yelp and Angie’s List to respond to reviews about Tiblana. According to Dennis, all responses in an online platform will always be professional and intended to both mitigate the reputational damage and appease the customer (19). As much as my invaluable asset as a social media manager is time, a company’s reputation is its most crucial asset (Dennis 15). Damage to its image among the customers may result in a massive loss of customers, revenue, investors, and employees. Thus, the risk of reputation is something that a company can no longer ignore. The proliferation of social media platforms has heightened these concerns. Tiblana’s reputation can be ruined in a matter of minutes. It is because more disgruntled customers and competitors join the complaining customer to broadcast defamatory information, often under anonymity. If I fail to spend time in counteracting the information, they will instantly be accepted to be true worldwide. In my addressing and researching the customer’s issue and social media impact, I should involve the personnel of the company. The entire sales and marketing department and staff need to know the matter to enable them to boost their marketing strategies against competitors and false accusations. I also need to notify the technical and production department personnel that manufactured the specific batch.

Practice Question for Phl264 Essay Example for Free

Practice Question for Phl264 Essay Info- the test is 90 mins, you must answer 5 questions, and at least 1 from each section. (That’s 18 mins for each question) There is 1 question from each week’s material. It’s a good idea to practise writing by hand so you know how much you can write in 18 mins. Section A 1 What, according to Peter singer, is an ultimate choice? How do ultimate choices conflict with other choices? How do you think we should choose when faced with an ultimate choice? 2 What is the distinction between top down, bottom up and reflective equilibrium reasoning? What do you think is the most appropriate form of reasoning and why? 3 Do you agree with Milton Friedman that a manager’s primary obligation is to increase profits in accordance with the law (firstly, explain Friedman’s view) 4. According to the stakeholder view of business ethics, managers have a broad set of obligations to different stakeholder groups. Explain and evaluate this view. Section B 1 Does advertising violate autonomy? (For a question like this, it is best to firstly discuss the views of theorists in class, e. g. Arrington and/or Lippke, then discuss what you think in a critical way) 2 Do business have responsibilities to protect the environment? (same as above, regarding Des Jardins, Bullard etc. ) 3 What is affirmative action, and is it a type of reverse discrimination? Can AA and/or reverse discrimination be justified? 4 How do corporations influence the government? Is such influence justified? Section C 1 Pogge argues that we are obligated to help the poor in 3rd world countries because we are partially responsible for their plight. Explain and evaluate this view (Note- the 2 topic this week are globalisation and sweatshop labour- the question could be on either of these topics) 2. What are some of the moral problems of gift giving in the pharmaceutical industry? Do you think give giving need to be restricted? Why and in what way? 3 Kultgen argues that professional codes unfairly elevate the status of the professions to afford professionals higher social status, pay and power. Do you agree? 4 In what situations is whistleblowing morally justified? Is whistle blowing ever morally obligatory?

Democracy Essay example -- American Government, Politics, California

Democracy has many important values that we see practiced in democratic nations such as the United States, representation is one if not the most important democratic value. In many nations, voting, a granted right of citizenship has been given additional importance by making it a mandatory civil activity in industrialized nations. Voting is the first step of the process of representation since this activity allows us to elect officials who supposedly represent the interest of their constituents. According to Lustig, California currently suffers a representation crisis; his assumptions are quite accurate for we see that not all eligible voters participate. However, Lustig presents the idea that the representation crisis is beyond voting behavior; changes in political norm and practices have contributed to the crisis. Such issues have weakened the vote for everyone and created an inverted relationship where the representatives pick the electorate rather than the other way around. In t he state of Californian representation, we must acknowledge that the current system of representation is an unsustainable model that does not meet the needs of Californians. Alteration of different norms and practices in the representative process has contributed to the lessening of proper representation in Californian politics; thus, resulting in the representation crisis. In order to understand the severity of the dilemma, we must assess the state of political representation in California. Then we must analyze what does not work in the current system. Furthermore, we must assess the core problem of improper representation through the problems of voting. Alongside voting, redistricting is a crucial topic that must be assessed. In addition, we must see... ...tive of Californians, the legislature is the â€Å"most representative† of Californians. When the topic of representation come up, the legislature is the focus for they represent the people of California as well as enact policies that will affect the lives of Californians. With a growing population, we see that the current electoral system no longer is a viable representative model for California. However, before switching into a new system, we must tackle the lack of political participation through accommodation of the different communities; we must ensure that immigrants feel assimilated to society so that they are engaged to participate in civic duties such as voting. Lastly, when and if we alter our system, the most viable option would be a proportional representative system where Californians are accurately represented without the hindrance of partisanship.

Development of Technology

Over the past decades, the world has witnessed different changes that have affected countries and continents. The way economics activities and business are conducted in the world poses challenges and opportunities. Technology is one of those changes or development that has occurred over decades. In a way, technology has changed every aspect of human life. In generally, it has change the ways businesses is conducted. Now, people do not need to see face-to-face in other to conduct business.Businesses can be conducted at home, long distances, in plane and through online real-time. In the education and business environment, technology development has been major catalysts that influencing the way activities are conducted. However, book business is our major focus. In this paper, we are going to analyse the effects of technology development on book business in the next 10years. Through the past technology age or years, we could analysis effects of technology on businesses and nations. Tech nology has replaced the use of human in industries by machines or robots.Before the advent of technology into businesses human has been the main source of labor for entrepreneurs but in the world today, it is apparent that machines have taken over. Availability of new and old information has been made possible through these changes or development in technology. Through this information, there exist different options of communicating and performing tasks and jobs. Moreover, people now prefer to get information through the internet rather than getting it from its source (most times the hard copy).People prefer to read book, novel and articles online rather than getting the hard copy to read. In a way, these have affected publishers, writers in the way they conduct their businesses. This has affected the rewards writers, editors and publisher makes from their jobs, since there works are published online at a reduced cost and most time they do not enjoy these rewards. In few years time, innovations of several types are to be expected. Precisely, in the next 10years new technologies would be introduced into the book business.These new technology will add to the existing ways of conducting or doing the business and will bring fundamental changes into the way book business will be conducted. However, in 10 years time technology will continue to influence the book business in terms of advertisement, sales and production. The effects of technological development will either be positive and negative. For instance, it will reduce the number of people that will be employed by industries that produce books.This in its own way will increase the unemployment rate and leads to decrease in standard of living of people. This is an example of the negative consequences that will be caused by development in technology. On the other hand, it will increase profitability of those in the business. Since, the workability of book business will require few amount of finance. Therefore, c ost of production will reduce since there is an innovative way of organizing the business, consequently leading to increase profit.In conclusion, in years to come various innovations will evolve in business and determine the way business will be conducted. Technological developments have continued to influence the way we live, conduct business and carrying out jobs. However, in the book business technological development will poses different opportunities and challenges in future. In other to be able to cope with this challenges and opportunities, investors, writers and publishers should put measure in place that will be capable of withstanding the pressure. References: Yli-Renko H., Janakiraman R., (2008). How Customer Portfolio Affects New Product Development in Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Firms. Journal of Marketing, Volume 72, Number 5. American Marketing Association. http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/AMA%20Publications/AMA%20Journals/Journal%20of%20Marketing/TOCs/summary_sept_08/howcustomer_jm_0908.aspx Horte S. A., Lindberg P., (2007). Performance effects of human and organizational development and technological development. International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing. Volume 4 Issue 3. IBM, (2008). IBM Reveals Five Innovations That Will Change Our Lives in the Next Five Years. Technology: Hi Tech. Physorg.com. http://www.physorg.com/news146852022.html   

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9

The Symphony No. 9 is the last complete symphony by the great Ludwig van Beethoven, composed while he was completely deaf. Considered as one of Beethoven's greatest masterpieces, Symphony No. 9 is perhaps the best known compositions of romantic music.It is scored for strings, 2 oboes, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets in B-flat and C, piccolo (fourth movement only), 2 bassoons, contrabassoon (fourth movement only), timpani, triangle (fourth movement only), bass drum (fourth movement only), cymbals (fourth movement only), 3 trombones (alto, tenor, and bass, second and fourth movements only), 2 horns (3 and 4) in B-flat (bass), 2 horns (1 and 2) in D and B-flat, and 2 trumpets in D and B-flat. Symphony No. 9 also has vocal parts, consisting of baritone solo, soprano solo, tenor solo, alto solo, and a choir in four parts – bass, alto, soprano, and tenor (which is divided briefly into Tenor I and Tenor II).Beethoven shows in Symphony No. 9, as in his other symphonies, an exceptional gift for communication. Here, he radiated a supreme directness that makes the symphony totally accessible. The absolute emotional power in this symphony is readily understood and the revolutionary compositional ideas that make up the symphony are easily appreciated.It is revolutionary on many levels: rhythmic, melodic, harmonic, formal, emotional, and self-expressive. It is interesting in that it breaks with time-honored distinctions and conventions and to give precedence to Beethoven’s expressive desires and needs and desires. The ethereal, monumental, and triumphant emotion reflected in the Ninth Symphony is surprising given the energetic humor of Symphony No. 1, the worrying â€Å"fate knocking on the door† opening of Symphony No. 5, the pastoral reflection in Symphony No. 6.Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 is truly is among the greatest achievements of the human spirit. Symphony No. 9 is in four movements: the first movement is marked as allegro ma non troppo, un poco maes toso; the second movement as molto vivace, the third movement is marked as adagio molto e cantabile; and the fourth movement as presto/recitative. Beethoven’s arrangement adopts a somewhat unusual Classical pattern, with the scherzo movement in second position, instead of the normal third position.The symphony’s first movement is in sonata form, which follows a formal model that had guided the artist throughout his career. In general, the mood is stormy and bleak. A striking moment here is the commencement of the recapitulation section, which as opposed to literally repeating the pianissimo opening bars in D minor, it shifts to fortissimo D major, a key change which surprises many listeners, ironically, as expressing awe or terror. A scherzo, the second movement is in D minor.The theme in the opening echoes the theme of the first movement. The second movement is noteworthy for its timpani solos and propulsive rhythm. The third movement has the deeply felt and lyrical s low movement, in B-flat major. His movement is written in a loose variation form, with each of the two variations dividing the basic beat to produce a more elaborate melodic configuration than what went before – the first is in 4/4 time and the second is in 12/8 time.A virtuosic horn solo assigned to the fourth player is also notable in the third movement. Symphony No. 9 is famous for its choral finale, which has awed many listeners as somewhat rambling. Within the fourth movement are four movements. However, this final movement in the symphony is different from an independent symphony due to its thematic unity. Every part is based on either the main theme, the â€Å"Seid umschlungen† theme, or some combination of the two themes.

Joy Harjo - Feminist, Indigenous Poet and Activist

Joy Harjo - Feminist, Indigenous Poet and Activist Born: May 9, 1951, Tulsa, OklahomaOccupation: Poet, Musician, Performer, ActivistKnown for: Feminism and American Indian activism, particularly through artistic expression Joy Harjo has been a significant voice in the rejuvenation of indigenous culture. As a poet and musician, she was influenced by the activism of the American Indian Movement (AIM) during the 1970s. Joy Harjos poetry and music often speak of individual womens experiences while examining larger cultural concerns and Native American  traditions. Heritage Joy Harjo was born in Oklahoma in 1951 and is a member of the Mvskoke, or Creek, Nation. She is of part Creek and part Cherokee descent, and her ancestors include a long line of tribal leaders. She took the last name Harjo from her maternal grandmother. Artistic Beginnings Joy Harjo attended the Institute of American Indian Arts high school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She performed in an indigenous drama troupe and studied painting. Although one of her early band teachers did not allow her to play the saxophone because she was a girl, she picked it up later in life and now performs music solo and with a band. Joy Harjo had her first child at age 17 and worked odd jobs as a single mother to support her children. She then enrolled in the University of New Mexico and received her bachelors degree in 1976. She received her MFA from the prestigious Iowa Writers Workshop. Joy Harjo began writing poetry in New Mexico, inspired by the American Indian activist movement. She is recognized for her poetic subject matter that includes feminism and Indian justice. Books of Poetry Joy Harjo has called poetry the most distilled language. Like many other feminist poets writing in the 1970s, she experimented with language, ​form and structure. She uses her poetry and voice as part of her responsibility to her tribe, to women, and to all people. Joy Harjos poetic works include: The Last Song (1975), her first chapbook, a small collection of poems in which she began questioning oppression, including the colonization of Native land. What Moon Drove Me To This? (1979), Joy Harjos first full-length collection of poetry. She Had Some Horses (1983), considered one of her classics it explores the oppression of women, but also their spiritual lives and triumphant awakenings. In Mad Love and War (1990), an examination of both personal relationships and societal struggles of Native Americans. The Woman Who Fell From the Sky(1994), which won the Oklahoma Book Award in Poetry. How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems 1975-2001, a collection that looks back over her three-decade career as a poet. The poetry of Joy Harjo is rich with ​imagery, symbols, and landscapes. What do the horses mean? is one of her readers most frequently asked questions. In reference to meaning, she writes, Like most poets I dont really know what my poems or the stuff of my poetry means exactly. Other Work Joy Harjo was an editor of the anthology Reinventing the Enemys Language: Contemporary Native American Womens Writings of North America. It contains poetry, memoir, and prayer by Native women from more than fifty nations. Joy Harjo is also a musician; she sings and plays the saxophone and other instruments, including flute, ukulele, and percussion. She has released music and spoken word CDs. She has performed as a solo artist and with bands such as Poetic Justice. Joy Harjo sees music and poetry as growing together, although she was a published poet before she publicly performed music. She has questioned why the academic community would want to confine poetry to the page when most poetry in the world is sung. Joy Harjo continues to write and perform in festivals and theaters. She has won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers Circle of the Americas and the William Carlos Williams award from the Poetry Society of America, among other prizes and fellowships. She has taught as a lecturer and professor at multiple universities throughout the Southwest United States.

Introducing The Essay Expert’s College Application Essay Series. College Essay Tips for Ivy League Bound Seniors

Introducing The Essay Expert’s College Application Essay Series. College Essay Tips for Ivy League Bound Seniors For each of the next four weeks, I will be writing an article with tips for writing college application essays.   I will cover the popular essay themes of â€Å"my grandmother,† â€Å"my sport,† â€Å"a famous person† and â€Å"a fictional character.† These topics are extremely popular, and if you choose one of them it is paramount that you don’t sound like everyone else!   If you’re applying to Ivy League schools in particular, your essay can make or break your application.   Bore the Yale admissions committee or the Harvard admissions committee and you’re done for. In my upcoming articles, there will be 7 writing tips for each type of essay so that yours is unique and keeps the admission committee’s attention. If you’re not a member of my blog already, sign up now to make sure you get every nugget of wisdom I have to offer! And if there’s another topic you want me to cover, let me know and maybe your pick can be topic #5.

What are the three best critical questions that one can bring to the Essay

What are the three best critical questions that one can bring to the study of the international relations of china - Essay Example ieves, it has tried to grow in reference to its historyand this has impacted positively towards its international and domestic affairs and finally maintaining respecting its legacy of irredentism. Being the world’s oldest culture, Chinese culture has perceived a dominant coverage in a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns. Literature, music, visual arts, maritalarts, cuisine and religion makes the important components of the culture.The Culture covers large geographical territories in china; usuallyeach region isdivided into distinct sub-cultures and represented by three ancestral items. A good example is Guangdong represented by chenpi, aged ginger and hay. These distinctions give rise to the old Chinese proverb: â€Å"Shà ­ lÇ  bà ¹tà ³ng fÄ“ng, bÇŽi lÇ  bà ¹tà ³ng sà ºÃ¢â‚¬  literally "the wind varies within ten li, customs vary within a hundred li." In relation to the marital art, Chinese marital arts are collectively given the name kung fu,Kung to mean "achievement" or "merit", and (fu) "man", thus "human achievement"). The first generation of art started mor e for the purpose of survival and warfare than art. Over time, some art forms have branched off, while others have retained a distinct Chinese flavor. Regardless, China has produced some of the most renowned martial artists for example wong Fei Hung. Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the worlds oldest civilizations. For instance, the yellow played a number of roles: to start with, according to the Chinese culture, Family is seen to be very important. The authority of the family belongs to the father. The father always arranges the marriages for his daughters, controls the amount of